In Moon Camp Pioneers, each team’s mission is to 3D design a complete Moon Camp using the software of their choice. They also have to explain how they will use local resources, protect astronauts from the dangers of space and describe the living and working facilities in their Moon Camp.
郑州轻工业大学附属中学 河南省郑州市-金水区 China 18, 19 5 / 1 English
3D design software: Fusion 360
The purpose of this lunar camp is to conduct scientific research, to explore and gain experience in the establishment of a large lunar base. The scientific research will mainly involve the study of lunar soil and lunar minerals and the mapping of the entire lunar surface to facilitate future construction. It will also allow for the observation of extraterrestrial objects.
In the early stages, we will ensure that the base is established and functioning properly. In the medium term, we will transform the base into a resource resupply station, allowing humans to expand the base to other parts of the lunar surface from this centre. In the later stages, we will resupply deep space exploration missions and expand the scope of human exploration.
This is why the base has excellent living facilities and sufficient redundancy to test many new technologies and to ensure the livelihood of the first lunar researchers. In addition, with the psychological well-being of the personnel in mind, there are many sports and recreational facilities, as well as a panoramic chamber for direct psychological relief, allowing the researchers to see the Earth’s landscape and their families and friends in an immersive way.
In the early stage, we want to build the base as a scientific research base, the most important point is to test the technology of large-scale lunar base construction. At a later stage it will be transformed into an in-situ lunar surface resource resupply station, mainly using the Moon’s rich lunar soil and mineral resources to realise resource supply, and gradually expand the resource station as the centre to provide resource supply for bases and manned lunar space stations in other regions, thus allowing them to be free from the problem of survival resources and fully realise mineral collection, scientific research and other work; in addition, the resource resupply station can also be used for deep space exploration missions to In addition, the resource resupply station can also be used for deep space exploration missions, greatly expanding the scope of human exploration activities in deep space.
The Cabeus impact crater in the polar region (29. 42° 83. 88° S) is a permanently illuminated area of the lunar poles, which is exposed to sunlight most of the time and has low temperature differences and low requirements for insulation design. It is suitable as a test site for lunar base construction. There are also permanently shaded areas near here where water ice resources can be harvested and utilised for base construction and personnel use and research.
The difficulty of building a base here is not very high and it is suitable for gaining experience in order to guarantee the achievement of exploration purposes. Moreover, the Cabeus impact crater has a clear advantage in terms of the need for water and energy resources, given that sustainable human habitation is the main concern.
We will use the following two materials:
geopolymer concrete: the advantages of geopolymer concrete over cement concrete are that it can be made active with a small amount of exciter to stimulate the lunar soil and requires less cementitious material, but its disadvantages are that mixing water is scarce, it cannot be naturally cured and formed under ultra-high vacuum conditions on the lunar surface, all preparation processes need to be carried out under sealed and pressurised conditions, it cannot be exposed to the lunar environment until it has developed sufficient strength, and maintenance The conditions are more demanding.
Dry-mix autoclaved lunar concrete: The main advantages of dry-mix autoclaved concrete for lunar construction are the relatively short curing time compared to cement concrete, the closed autoclave curing environment, which is not affected by external influences, and the relative stability of the bound water in the resulting product. However, the calcium material required for this process needs to be transported from Earth in the early stages, with the amount of calcium material accounting for 10%-15% of the total mass of the powder, and the minimum amount of water required for the autoclaved hydrothermal reaction to bind water is approximately 10% of the total mass of the powder. The process of preparing this material must stimulate the lunar soil reaction activity under saturated vapour pressure to cause the mixture to undergo a hydrothermal synthesis reaction in order to obtain strength.
For one thing, our base has a top and bottom structure. For high-energy particle flows, we can go to the second level of refuge protected by lead plates; for micrometeorite flows, we can go to the bottom level.
Secondly, there is a full range of observation equipment carried by the lunar surface and relay satellite constellation, which provides early warning of danger.
Thirdly, in the event that instruments report an unbearable danger to the base, a vehicle can leave the lunar surface and dock with a space station in lunar orbit.
Our base will also employ a meteorite defence system for active defence, using missiles or anti-aircraft guns to deflect large meteorites from their orbits, with the help of a network of satellite observations and phased-array radar. Small, micro-meteorites are then vaporised using laser arrays.
Water: The camp is supplied with water through accompanying supplies in the early stages and through the exploitation of the rich polar water ice resources as the main source of water in the later stages. We have also built a water recycling system to recycle waste water.
Food: The astronauts will eat the food that comes with the supplies. In addition to this, we will synthesise starch from carbon dioxide derived from polar dry ice through a pilot starch synthesis system.
Power: Firstly, solar energy will be harnessed by folding solar panels. Secondly, power and heat generation through radioisotope thermoelectric machines.
Air: There is some ilmenite (chemical formula FeTiO3) and ferrous oxide (FeO) on the surface of the Moon, which can be used as raw material for reactions. By heating these ores to 1600-2500°C, oxygen can be prepared more efficiently.
Using an anaerobic bacterium, Shewanella microorganisms, can both dispose of garbage and generate electricity. For example, astronauts can dump household garbage into a device containing microorganisms, and this household waste will become food for microorganisms. This prototype microbial processor is a small box weighing about 2 kilograms, the two ends are connected to the anode and cathode, the box itself is divided into two parts by a film, the microorganisms act as catalysts for electrochemical reactions, the space junk produces free electrons after processing, they move to the cathode in the loop, where they interact with the oxidant, after the redox reaction occurs, electricity is produced. Astronauts can store electricity generated during the microbial oxidation process for use by the space station.The fuel for the processor can be napkins or any other biodegradable solid and liquid waste.
Through the relay satellite for communication, our relay satellite is located at the Lagrange point, compared with the earth relay satellite, the relay satellite is higher, and the relay satellite operating in this orbit can maintain a relatively stable and stationary state with the earth and the moon, so it can save satellite fuel and extend life. The design of multi-security backup telemetry remote control command is adopted, that is, a number of “mobile phones” are prepared for this purpose. Ground workers can call these “mobile phones” at the same time and issue the same telemetry instructions, which can effectively avoid problems such as signal interruption and inaccurate information transmission caused by “long distance or other unknown factors”. It also uses an S-band digital deep-space transponder. It is also equipped with a large umbrella antenna with a variety of different bit rates.
In geology: geological research on the Moon could provide a deeper understanding of the Moon’s origins, evolutionary history and tectonic features. For example, rock samples could be taken and analysed, or the internal structure of the Moon could be probed using a probe.
Aspects of low-gravity environments: Experiments in low-gravity environments on the Moon can help us to better understand the challenges and opportunities of surviving in space for extended periods of time. For example, physical and chemical phenomena can be studied in low-gravity conditions, as well as assessing the adaptability of buildings and equipment.
In biology: Biological experiments on the Moon could help us understand the adaptability of life in outer space. For example, the ability of microorganisms to survive on the lunar surface could be studied and the existence of other forms of life explored.
Technology: Technology experiments on the Moon could test and validate the feasibility and effectiveness of new technologies. For example, research could be carried out on how to build oxygen and water production facilities on the Moon and explore the use of new technologies such as solar panels to meet the energy needs of the infrastructure.
In robotics: Robotic experiments on the Moon could help us master the techniques of robotic manipulation and movement in low-gravity environments. For example, the movement and operation of robots on the lunar surface could be studied, and synergy between robots and humans explored.
In astronomy: Astronomical observations using the lunar surface environment and the absence of an atmosphere can provide a better understanding of the formation and evolution of the solar system. For example, astronomical observation facilities such as radiation intensity and temperature could be built on the Moon to carry out exploration work on the lunar surface and observational studies of other celestial bodies in the Universe.
Physical training:
In order for the astronauts to withstand the tremendous tests of acceleration during take-off and landing, and in order to prepare them for the complexities of working in low-gravity conditions, and more importantly to keep them fit, a fairly rigorous physical training component is built into our training programme.
Intense muscular exercises (mainly on equipment), daily work underwater in simulated low-gravity suits and occasional centrifuge training and aircraft flight training are arranged to ensure that their bodies are maintained at a level that meets the requirements of the mission.
Brain training:
A variety of knowledge courses are organised to equip the astronauts with the knowledge required for the mission. In addition to the basic general knowledge courses, they are given different specialised courses in order to achieve an efficient division of labour.
uring the mission.
III. Mental training:
For astronauts who work far from their home planet and in a closed environment for long periods of time, psychological issues are taken seriously. Along with psychological courses, the astronauts will be given regular access to counsellors to test their ability to deal with psychological problems.
Our future missions to the Moon will require two types of manned spacecraft and cargo spacecraft. Our plans for travel to and from Earth are as follows:
First, to build a space station in lunar orbit. Second, launch a lunar surface round-trip spacecraft to dock on the lunar space station. Third, launch an Earth-Moon manned spacecraft to allow astronauts to transfer to the round-trip spacecraft via the station. Fourthly, a round-trip spacecraft is used to reach the lunar surface. The process of returning to Earth is the reverse of the last two steps.
Cargo spacecraft then take on the need to carry materials between the Earth and the Moon.
Long-distance exploration on the Moon is achieved by the astronauts via the round-trip spacecraft. Exploration around the camp is assisted by vehicles such as drones and surrogate lunar vehicles.
